John 11 - Life Application Bible Commentary (NT)

11:1-3 Now a man named Lazarus was sick. He was from Bethany, the village of Mary and her sister Martha.NIV Though John only introduces us to the family of Mary, Martha, and Lazarus at the end of Jesus’ ministry, Jesus and the disciples often visited their home. Jesus enjoyed their close friendship and hospitality on his visits to Jerusalem, for Bethany was a village just outside of the city. In light of what happened, the meaning of Lazarus’s name, “God is my help,” became significant. Until he heard Jesus’ voice outside the tomb Lazarus probably never realized just how prophetic his name would turn out to be!

At this time, Jesus was on the other side of the Jordan River, also in a town called Bethany. In 10:40 we are told that Jesus crossed the Jordan to the place where John had been baptizing; that place is identified as “Bethany on the other side of the Jordan” (1:28 NIV). The events described in Luke 13:22–17:10 occurred between chapters 10 and 11 of John.

This Mary . . . was the same one who poured perfume on the Lord and wiped his feet with her hair.NIV John identified Mary with an event described in the next chapter (12:1-7) because Mary’s display of love for Christ was well known to the first-century Christians (Matthew 26:6-13; Mark 14:3-9).

NOT ISOLATED

Lazarus had been close to Jesus, yet he became deathly ill. The disciples may have asked a question similar to the one asked about the blind man in chapter 9, “Who sinned?” Or perhaps, “What did Lazarus do wrong?” But the Bible helps us see that sickness and death do not indicate that God has rejected someone or that they have done something wrong.

We must remind ourselves that neither we nor our loved ones are exempt. These three disciples of Jesus were his close friends and associates. Jesus loved them. Yet he did not rush to spare them grief. The presence of pain and suffering in the lives of faithful disciples of Jesus can teach us that Christians do not have different experiences in life, rather, they experience life differently. Our hope in Jesus does not insulate us from life’s difficulties, but it does provide a way through and beyond them. God can use difficult experiences to make us more compassionate servants for him as we console others.

The sisters sent a message to Jesus, “Lord, he whom you love is ill.”NRSV Though Lazarus, the brother of Mary and Martha, is mentioned only in John 11 and 12, this verse and verse 5 show that Lazarus must have been Jesus’ friend for quite some time.

LAZARUS BECOMES ILL AND DIES / 11:1-16 / 165

Up to this point in John’s Gospel, Jesus has presented himself as the giver of life to various people:

• to Nicodemus, he offered eternal life (3:16)
• to the Samaritan woman, the water of life (4:14)
• to the official’s son and the lame man, the restoring of life (4:50; 5:5-8)
• to the hungry multitude, the bread of life (6:35)
• to the believers in Jerusalem, the rivers of living water (7:38)
• to the blind man, the light of life (8:12; 9:35-38)
• to the sheep who followed him, the abundant life (10:10-11)

In chapter 11, Jesus is “life” in its ultimate expression —he is “the resurrection and the life” —life after death. To the dead man, Lazarus, he offered resurrection life.

The Gospels tell us that Jesus raised others from the dead, including Jairus’s daughter (Matthew 9:18-26; Mark 5:41-42; Luke 8:40-56) and a widow’s son (Luke 7:11-17). These people represent a cross section of ages and social backgrounds to whom Jesus gave back human life. All of them, including Lazarus, were raised but eventually died again. Lazarus’s story stands out because John used it as a sign of Jesus’ ultimate life-giving power and a picture of his own coming resurrection. And, as with all the miracles recorded in this gospel, it glorifies God. From John’s perspective, this miracle was the turning point; it caused the Jewish leaders to take decisive action against Jesus.

However, this chapter contains much more. We observe Jesus relating to different people under real stress. Two sisters were frantic about their sick brother and then devastated by his death. The crowds continued to voice divided opinions about Jesus. The disciples sensed the possible outcome of Jesus’ ongoing verbal skirmishes with the religious leaders. Thomas displayed his courage and revealed his resolute attitude when he said: “Let us also go, that we may die with him” (11:16 NIV). The chapter teaches us that in the middle of very difficult circumstances, Jesus the life-giver desires to help and guide us. We must trust him.

11:4 When Jesus heard it, he said, “This illness does not lead to death; rather it is for God’s glory, so that the Son of God may be glorified through it.”NRSV When Jesus heard of Lazarus’s sickness, he knew that it would lead to death, but also that the glory of God would be revealed. Jesus’ words, “This illness does not lead to death,” referred to ultimate, final death. But his disciples understood him to mean that the illness was not serious. Again, we see the parallel between Jesus’ response here and in 9:3. In the former passage, Jesus spoke of the man’s blindness as an opportunity for God’s works to be seen. Lazarus’s death was an opportunity for the Son of God to be glorified. As in the case of the blind beggar who was healed (9:1-5, 24-38), miracles that alleviate human suffering often give God greater glory than the more commonplace blessings we experience (Matthew 5:45). In fact, all of Jesus’ healing miracles flow from his compassion. However, God strategically placed some miracles in human history to demonstrate his wise providence and his sovereignty.

TRIALS OF OPPORTUNITY

Any trial a believer faces can ultimately bring glory to God because God can bring good out of any bad situation (Genesis 50:20; Romans 8:28). When trouble comes, do you grumble, complain, and blame God? Or do you see your problems as opportunities to honor him? Read the following verses and reflect on their significance for your life:

• Romans 5:3-5
  For early Christians, trials and suffering were the rule rather than the exception. We rejoice in suffering, not because we like pain, but because we know God is using life’s difficulties to develop our perseverance. Ask God for strength to deal with every difficulty.
• Hebrews 12:4-11
  It is never pleasant to be corrected by hardships, but God uses them to discipline us. Trials of this kind are a sign of God’s love. When hardships redirect our path, we must see them as proof of God’s fathering care and discover what he wants to teach us.
• 1 Peter 1:6-7
  All believers face trials. We must regard them as part of the refining process that burns away impurities and thereby prepares us to meet Christ.
• James 1:2-4
  Trials develop strength of character in true disciples. Facing trials can help us grow to be mature and complete in our faith.

11:5 Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus.NIV This parenthetical statement serves two purposes: (1) it affirms Jesus’ love for each member of the family, and (2) it serves to explain that it was not lack of love that kept Jesus from going to them. Humanly speaking, Jesus would have wanted to go to them immediately. But he was constrained by the Father’s timing.

11:6 Yet when he heard that Lazarus was sick, he stayed where he was two more days.NIV Jesus would not be forced into action by these friends whom he loved dearly, any more than he would be forced by his mother (2:4) or his brothers (7:3-10). Everything he did was according to God’s timing alone. Lazarus had been dead for four days by the time Jesus arrived in Bethany (11:39). The messenger(s) must have taken a day to reach Jesus; Jesus waited for two days; then he took a day to reach Bethany. Therefore, Lazarus must have died shortly after the messenger(s) left Bethany. Jesus probably did not even receive the message about the illness until after Lazarus had died. Therefore, it was impossible for Jesus to have arrived in time to prevent Lazarus’s death.

WAIT CONTROL

Jesus loved this family and often stayed with them. He knew their pain but did not respond immediately. His delay had a specific purpose. God’s timing, especially his delays, may make us think he is not answering or is not answering the way we want. But he will meet all our needs (Philippians 4:19) according to his perfect schedule and purpose. Often when we pray, circumstances seem to actually worsen. We are tempted to doubt and despair. But delay itself builds patience. Our patience improves as we trust in his timing.

11:7

Then he said to his disciples, “Let us go back to Judea.”NIV God’s time had come, so Jesus headed back into Judea to be with his dear friends in their sorrow. God’s timing is always perfect, whether in guiding his Son through his ministry on earth, or in guiding us today and answering our prayers.

Here, even knowing the grief and pain of his dear friends, Jesus waited two days and then returned to Judea. When the time came, Jesus did his Father’s will.

TIMING IS EVERYTHING

Sometimes we offer a passionate prayer of need, and God answers quickly. We are thankful and excited, and our faith is often strengthened. At other times it seems that God will never answer our prayers. We can’t understand, because we know that we prayed for God’s will. What should we do? We should wait in faith, knowing that God has our best interests in mind. We may never see our prayer answered in our lifetime; we may wait many years only to see God answer the prayer in another way altogether; we may find that God’s final answer is no. Whatever the case, God’s decision is best and his timing is right.

11:8-10 The disciples couldn’t understand why Jesus would want to go into Judea again, when the Jews there just recently had been seeking to stone him (see 10:31ff.). Why leave a place where people believe in you and welcome you (10:42) to go back to certain death? But Jesus was not afraid, for he knew that he had to die and that his death would only occur in the Father’s timing.

“Are there not twelve hours of daylight?”NRSV In response to the disciples’ hesitation about returning to Judea, Jesus asked this startling rhetorical question. It had no immediate connection with the disciples’ concern. But his answer made his point easier to remember.

HOW DO TRIALS GLORIFY GOD?

• They develop our Christian character as we exercise patience (Romans 5:1-5), and they provide an example of strength, courage, and dependence on God to unbelievers.
• They wean us from life’s attractions, diversions, and illusions as we focus on God for help.
• They reveal the flimsy grip we have on health and prosperity in this life, as we realize that we must trust in God for our security.
• They intensify our desire to be with God in eternity, where we will receive new bodies and be reunited with loved ones who have gone before us.
• They provide opportunities to portray how God’s timing expresses his love to us. Many Christians who have faced calamity testified later how God’s timing showed them a new side to his love.

The disciples’ fears related to the limited sphere of human effort. They worried about what the Jewish leaders might do. Jesus pointed to an unlimited sphere —the sovereignty of God, who transcends the limits of time and over whom people have no control. As Jesus obeyed his Father, he was as confident about the victorious outcome as he was that every day contained twelve hours of daylight. We should remember that God’s sovereignty extends to each moment of our life; otherwise, our trust in him will be limited to only those times when he meets our expectations. We will repeat the disciples’ mistake —attempting to limit God to the sphere of human effort.

Jesus’ answer mentioned an expected number of “hours” during which work may be done. It also clearly implied that time would run out. After twelve hours of daylight the night comes. Our Lord’s “day” (his time on earth) was approaching its final hour. But Jesus still had tasks to accomplish, and he would not be sidetracked from his mission.

“Those who walk during the day do not stumble, because they see the light of this world.”NRSV The simple lesson of using daylight to get work done illustrates our deeper need to do spiritual work in the “light” of Jesus’ presence and God’s guidance. Jesus had already used the phrase “the light of the world” to refer to his own presence among people. While he was among them, he was their light (see 1:4; 8:12; 9:5). As long as they did their work in the light of Christ’s presence they would not stumble. Sadly, those who live in the dark, without the presence of Jesus’ light in them, will stumble.

THE BRIGHTER LIGHT

Jesus received his guidance from the highest source —the Father. The disciples were tempted to receive their guidance from the most immediate source —their circumstances. They worried about what they could “see” nearby; Jesus reminded them to walk by a brighter light.

When making decisions, we should analyze our circumstances but not regard them as infallible guides. If we rely on our circumstances for guidance too much, we will walk in circles. Just as Jesus took charge of his day, we should take charge of our days. We need not rush around, frantically or fearfully trying to stay ahead of uncontrollable circumstances. Rather, we can ask for his help in making wise use of our available time and opportunities. Our first question should be: What would Jesus have me do?

11:11-15 “Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep, but I am going there to awaken him.”NRSV The disciples missed the meaning of this euphemism for death (11:12-13; see also Daniel 12:2; 1 Corinthians 11:30; 15:20, 51; 1 Thessalonians 4:14). The disciples expressed their assumption that “if he sleeps, he will get better,”NIV citing the restoring powers of a good sleep after an illness.

Jesus, realizing their failure to understand what he had said, went on to explain clearly: “Lazarus is dead, and for your sake I am glad I was not there.”NIV Lazarus died so that Jesus could show his power over death to his disciples and others. The raising of Lazarus displayed Christ’s power —the resurrection from the dead is a crucial belief of Christian faith. Jesus not only raised himself from the dead (10:18), but he also has the power to raise others.

Even at this point, the disciples still misunderstood Jesus’ claim to power over death although he had clearly stated this several times (all are from the NRSV):

• “Indeed, just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whomever he wishes” (5:21).
• “This is indeed the will of my Father, that all who see the Son and believe in him may have eternal life; and I will raise them up on the last day” (6:40).
• “Those who eat my flesh and drink my blood have eternal life, and I will raise them up on the last day” (6:54).
• “Very truly, I tell you, whoever keeps my word will never see death” (8:51).
• “I lay down my life in order to take it up again. No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it up again” (10:17-18).
• “My sheep hear my voice. . . . I give them eternal life, and they will never perish” (10:27-28).

WAKE UP!

The disciples heard the word sleep and misunderstood Jesus’ intention to go there personally to awaken Lazarus from death. Only Jesus can refer to death as sleep because only he has power over death. From a human perspective, death is very real and final. People who call death “sleep” are trying to soften the reality of death and keep the living from taking the issues of death and sin seriously.

For those who believe in the resurrection, death is merely sleep in comparison to eternal life. Those who do not believe need to wake up to Christ’s power while they still have the opportunity.

“Let us go to him.”NIV Jesus made his intention clear. He would go to Judea, and he expected his disciples to go with him. Jesus had already indicated that he was anticipating their faith growing as a result of what would happen with Lazarus.

DELAYS

Measured by our timetable, many of our prayers’ answers may seem delayed. But knowing that we deal with a wise and loving God, we must consider that the problem may be with our timetable rather than God’s.

Though we experience delays, we can be sure that Jesus does initiate help for us. He will come to our aid. His help may well come in different ways and forms than we expect, but we can depend on his dependability! God will come to you in your time of need.

11:16

“Let us also go, that we may die with him.”NIV We often remember Thomas as “the doubter” because he doubted Jesus’ resurrection (20:24-25). But he also loved the Lord and was a man of great courage. The disciples knew the dangers of going with Jesus to Jerusalem, so they tried to talk him out of it. Thomas merely expressed what all of them were feeling. When their objections failed, they were willing to go and even die with Jesus. They may not have understood why Jesus would be killed, but they were loyal. We may face unknown dangers in doing God’s work. It is wise to consider the high cost of being Jesus’ disciple.

STEP OUT!

Thomas was ready to move out. Courage often boils down to trusting Jesus and moving out. Emotionally, the experience is much like the first time off a high dive or the first public speech. The stakes may be higher, but so are the benefits. We don’t realize God’s power until we take the first step. Thomas was the first to step out in faith. Sooner or later you too will have the opportunity to take a step of courage. And your step may motivate others to take action too. Ask God for the courage you need.

JESUS COMFORTS MARY AND MARTHA / 11:17-37 / 166

Although we get many glimpses of Jesus’ compassion throughout the Gospels, his tender conversations with Mary and Martha are the most moving. His words reveal patient pastoral concerns. Elsewhere we see him confront people with the truth; here we see him console as the gentle Master.

Jesus did not ridicule or belittle grief. He affirmed our need for comfort by providing it to the sisters without hesitation. It is a tribute to the family that many from Jerusalem came to Bethany to pay their respects and offer their support to the sisters.

11:17-19 Lazarus had already been in the tomb for four daysNIV by the time Jesus arrived (see comments on 11:6). In the warm climate of Palestine, a dead body would decompose quickly, so a person’s body was often buried the same day of death. Four days places Lazarus well beyond what anyone might call a “near death” case. When Jesus and the disciples arrived in Bethany, many Jews from Jerusalem had gathered to console Lazarus’s family, and some of those who had arrived were religious leaders. In Jewish society, prolonged mourning for the dead was considered an essential part of every funeral. It was convenient for many Jews to be there because Bethany was a village less than two miles from Jerusalem.NIV

11:20-24 Martha . . . went and met him, while Mary stayed at home.NRSV It was quite natural for Martha, as the older sister, to be the first to go out to meet Jesus when he arrived. In addition, she was the active person, who had busily prepared Jesus a meal (as described in Luke’s Gospel; Luke 10:38-42). Mary, more contemplative, remained at home in mourning.

Upon seeing Jesus, Martha said to him, “Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died.”NRSV This was a complaint and a plea. Martha probably realized that Jesus could not have arrived much earlier, but she was confident that Jesus’ presence would have prevented Lazarus’s death. Mary makes the same comment later (11:32). Despite their pain and sorrow, their faith in Jesus did not waver. The implicaton for us is that we should not quickly assume that God has let us down when we are in the midst of difficulties.

“But even now I know that God will give you whatever you ask of him.”NRSV Perhaps Martha thought Jesus would bring her brother back to life. But her reply in verse 24 and subsequent protests at the tomb (11:39) suggest otherwise. She did not realize, understand, or dare to hope that Jesus would ask God to give Lazarus back his physical life and be returned to his family. Instead, she reaffirmed her trust in his power even though she thought Jesus had missed an opportunity to display it by healing her brother.

When Jesus said, “Your brother will rise again,” she attributed it to the future resurrection —“I know that he will rise again in the resurrection at the last day.NKJV At face value, Jesus’ statement did little to console Martha, for she already knew that Lazarus would rise again in the resurrection and live eternally with God, just as she and Mary would when they died. At this point, resurrection was only a future, abstract concept to Martha, not a possible, immediate reality in Christ. But Jesus did not mean an eventual, distant resurrection, he meant that Lazarus would rise again that very day!

NEVER TOO LATE

Lazarus had been dead four days. How could Mary and Martha have imagined that they would soon be feasting with him and with Jesus (12:1-2)? But when Martha said “Even now” she was opening a door of faith wider than she could have anticipated. From the depth of her loss and sorrow she clung in faith to Jesus. The eventual results were astonishing! There is always enough time for Christ to act. We must continue to trust in him.

11:25-27 “I am the resurrection and the life. Those who believe in me, even though they die, will live, and everyone who lives and believes in me will never die.”NRSV To the woman at the well (4:25-26), Jesus identified himself as the Messiah; to the formerly blind man (9:35-37), he disclosed himself as the Son of Man; but here he enlarged the picture by revealing himself as the source of resurrection life.

To understand Jesus’ statement, we need to see it in two parts. First, Jesus explained the resurrection: “I am the resurrection . . . those who believe in me, even though they die, will live.” Then he explained the life: “I am . . . the life . . . everyone who lives and believes in me will never die.”

The believer will not experience eternal death. Lazarus had been a believer in Jesus; therefore, even though he died, he would live. Every believer who has died will yet live, and everyone who is still living and believing will die, but not eternally. Christ did not promise the prevention of physical death; he guaranteed in himself to give abundant life, including resurrection and eternity with him. Christ did not prevent Lazarus’s physical death (after being raised, Lazarus would eventually die again), but Lazarus had the guarantee of eternal life.

Jesus himself is the resurrection and he is the life. Only through a relationship with him can we experience this resurrection and this life. Only one kind of life —the life of God (Ephesians 4:18) —is truly life. Only it can overcome death. Jesus is this life.

“I believe that you are the Messiah, the Son of God, the one coming into the world.”NRSV Martha is best known for being too busy to sit down and talk with Jesus (Luke 10:38-42), but here we see her as a woman of deep faith. Her statement of faith is exactly the response that Jesus wants from us. This confession presents a high point in John’s Gospel, for here we see a believer acknowledging that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God. In recognizing Jesus as the Messiah, she saw him to be God’s envoy appointed to deliver God’s people; in recognizing Jesus as the Son of God, she saw his divinity.

YOU WILL LIVE!

Jesus has power over life and death as well as power to forgive sins. This is because he is the Creator of life (see 14:6). He who is life can surely restore life. Whoever believes in Christ has a spiritual life that death cannot conquer or diminish in any way. When we realize Christ’s power and how wonderful his offer to us really is, how can we help but commit our lives to him! Those who believe have wonderful assurance and certainty: “Because I live, you also will live” (14:19 NIV). Is Jesus the Lord of your life?

11:28-32 She went back and called her sister Mary, and told her privately, “The Teacher is here and is calling for you.”NRSV Martha spoke to Mary secretly so that the visiting Jews would not follow her to where Jesus was —somewhere outside the village. However, when Mary arose quickly to go to Jesus, she was followed by the mourners.

“Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died.NRSV Mary repeated Martha’s statement (11:21). They were both convinced that Jesus would have been able to do something had Lazarus still been living. But they had no idea that death might be reversible.

11:33-36 When Jesus saw her weeping, and the Jews who had come along with her also weeping, he was deeply moved in spirit and troubled.NIV The Greek word for “deeply moved” can mean “intensely agitated.” Jesus may have been agitated by the excessive sorrow of the mourners, by Martha and Mary’s limited faith, or by the general unbelief. Even more so, Jesus was angry at the power of death, man’s ultimate enemy (1 Corinthians 15:26).

Jesus wept.NKJV Among the commotion and the loud wailing of the mourners, Jesus shed tears. What made Jesus cry? Was it his love for Lazarus? Was it the presence of sadness and death? Or was it the faithless grief that surrounded him? For whatever the reason, the situation caused Jesus to shed some tears. The picture of Jesus as being impassive in the face of genuine human suffering is not consistent with the picture in Isaiah, which describes him as a “man of sorrows, and familiar with suffering” (Isaiah 53:3 NIV).

JESUS WEPT

Several views have been put forth to explain Jesus’ weeping. The most common are as follows:

• Jesus wept in sympathy for the ones he loved who were grieving.
• Jesus wept for all people who grieve over the death of loved ones.
• Jesus wept over the frailty of life and the ravages of sin and despair.
• Jesus wept in anger over those present who remained in unbelief in the face of death.
• Jesus wept in sorrow for having to call Lazarus back from eternity into a world where he would die again.

Tears, however, are not self-explanatory; and since Jesus chose not to explain them, we are left with a variety of possibilities for what he might have felt.

The Jews interpreted Jesus’ tears as a sign of Jesus’ great love for Lazarus: “See how he loved him!”NRSV They assumed that Jesus wept in frustration and sorrow that he had not arrived earlier in order to heal Lazarus. But we know that Jesus purposely waited until Lazarus had died before going to Bethany (11:14-15).

WITH FEELING

John stresses that we have a God who cares. This portrait contrasts with a Greek concept of God that was popular in John’s day —a God with no emotions and no empathy for humans. Here we see many of Jesus’ emotions —compassion, indignation, sorrow, even frustration. He often expressed deep emotion, and we must never be afraid to reveal our true feelings to him. He understands them, because he experienced them. Be honest, and don’t try to hide anything from your Savior. He cares.

11:37 Following Martha and Mary, others also asked, “Could not he who opened the eyes of the blind man have kept this man from dying?”NRSV By directly quoting the crowd (who refer to Jesus’ previous miracle ——see9:1ff.), John directed his readers to consider: “Can the one with power over disease and disablement have power to prevent death?” But this miracle creates deeper questions: “Can the one who raised Lazarus from the dead raise me?” and “What does the one with power over death want to do in my life right now?”

Jesus’ power to overcome death confirmed his power to give eternal life to those still living. People are dead spiritually without Christ. But to those who trust him, Jesus gives eternal life now along with the power to live in obedience to him.

JESUS RAISES LAZARUS FROM THE DEAD / 11:38-44 / 167

As this chapter opens, we see Mary, Martha, and the crowd expressing conditional belief in the power of Jesus. They believed that Jesus could have worked a miracle if Lazarus had still been alive. But death intervened, and they thought it was irreversible. Little did they know that what they considered impossible would soon be overcome by God’s power.

11:38-39 Jesus, once more deeply moved, came to the tomb.NIV John once again tells us that Jesus was deeply moved (see 11:33). Jesus’ agitation reveals his indignation and outrage that death creates such destructive chaos and suffering in people’s lives.

Lazarus was buried in a cave with a stone laid across the entrance.NIV Tombs at this time were usually caves carved in the limestone rock of a hillside. A tomb was often large enough for people to walk inside. Several bodies would be placed in one tomb. After burial, a large stone would be rolled across the entrance to the tomb. This burial spot was much like the one in which Jesus would be buried.

Jesus said to the crowd, “Take away the stone.”NIV When Jesus asked that the stone be removed, Martha protested, saying, “By this time there is a bad odor, for he has been there four days.”NIV See comments on 11:6.

11:40 “Did I not tell you that if you believed, you would see the glory of God?”NRSV The purpose of the whole event was for Jesus to exhibit the glory of God. Jesus had proclaimed this from the moment he heard about Lazarus’s sickness (11:4). In order for the miracle to occur and for God to be glorified through it, the sisters would have to believe enough to order the stone to be removed from the tomb’s entrance.

GOD LISTENS

Because of Jesus’ constant interaction with his Father, we can surmise that he had been praying about Lazarus for some time. Jesus was confident that his Father listened to him. His confidence, “I knew that you always hear me,” was expressed for our benefit. He wants us to believe, and he said so (11:42).

Our prayers are arrogant if we assume how God will answer. Our prayers are confident if we affirm that God listens. Our confidence comes not from what we pray or how we pray but to whom we pray. God does not require volume or repetition. The whispered simple prayer echoes in the halls of heaven as loudly as the lofty composition voiced in unison by thousands. God listens when you pray!

11:41-44 “Father, I thank you that you have heard me. I knew that you always hear me, but I said this for the benefit of the people standing here, that they may believe that you sent me.”NIV While the crowd waited beside the tomb —with the stone now rolled away from its entrance —Jesus praised his Father aloud, publicly, so that, upon witnessing the miracle of resurrection, the people might believe in Jesus. His prayer was not a petition, but a prayer of thanks to the Father. Jesus knew that his request would be answered.

He cried with a loud voice, “Lazarus, come forth!”NKJV The voice of Jesus is potent and lifegiving. Lazarus provided proof of Jesus’ earlier words: “The dead will hear the voice of the Son of God and those who hear will live” (5:25 NIV).

The dead man came out.NRSV Lazarus was completely wrapped in his graveclothes. There was no question that a dead man had come back to life. The miracle was not only Lazarus’s resuscitation. After four days, the body would have seriously decayed. Lazarus’s body was raised and restored.

The wailing of grief transformed into gasps of shock and shouts of joy. Even the reticent Mary rushed to her brother. The funeral atmosphere became a joyful party. Perhaps in their excitement over his appearance the people forgot to free him from the burial wraps.

UNWRAP SESSION

Jesus was and is the giver of life. He brings a second birth to those who are dead in sin. But his gift of forgiveness and the indwelling Spirit do not create instant, perfect Christians. We enter Christ’s kingdom with many of the old wraps still around us. Old habits and sinful behaviors, painful memories —all these require gentle, loving removal. Like graveclothes, we no longer need them. We need fellow Christians and Christ’s power to unwrap us. It is Jesus’ command that our healing be complete. Who can you help “unwrap”?

Jesus told them, “Unbind him, and let him go.”NRSV The power he had just used to return Lazarus to the living could have easily disintegrated or loosed the wraps without help. But Jesus involved those around him in the happy labor of unwrapping Lazarus. His powerful work was completed, but Lazarus needed a personal touch.

RELIGIOUS LEADERS PLOT TO KILL JESUS / 11:45-57 / 168

The seemingly ever-present religious leaders were not around to see Jesus’ friend brought back to life. Perhaps they didn’t think Jesus could do such a miracle. Some of the eyewitnesses, however, made it a point to report to the Pharisees in Jerusalem, only a couple of miles away. This fresh evidence of Jesus’ power threw the Pharisees into a panic.

What followed is a priceless opportunity for us who know the full story to see how badly mistaken people can be in their assessment of events. We can also observe how desperately people will cling to a lie in the face of truth. The Pharisees and the Sanhedrin thought they were finally at the point of bringing matters to a conclusion with Jesus. But God fit their desperate plans into his own. They thought that killing Jesus would preserve their puny little sphere of power, but God knew that Jesus’ death would provide salvation for the world.

11:45-46 Jesus’ words and works, even today, divide people into two camps —believers and unbelievers. Many people can see the same miraculous event, yet all walk away being affected differently. The raising of Lazarus was stunning to many, so that many of the Jews . . . who had come with Mary and had seen what Jesus did, believed in himNRSV as the Messiah. Yet other Jewish onlookers did not believe; they quickly brought word of what had happened to the Pharisees, who were looking for a reason to destroy Jesus (7:1, 19, 25; 8:37, 40). As is his pattern, John highlighted that Jesus provoked two contradictory responses from those who watched and heard him. Some believed in him, while others could not wait to report his “dangerous” behavior.

11:47 Then the chief priests and the Pharisees called a meeting of the Sanhedrin.NIV The Sanhedrin was the highest ruling authority among the Jews in Judea. It was composed of seventy-one members: The high priest presiding over seventy religious leaders, the majority of whom were Sadducees and the minority, Pharisees.

TRUTH OVERLOOKED

In their eagerness to eliminate Jesus, Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin demonstrated their willingness to deliberately misuse truth to serve their own needs.

• They began with the right question (“What are we accomplishing?”) but were not open to its most obvious answer (“We are rejecting the Messiah”).
• They admitted in private that Jesus did miracles, but they publicly rejected the truth of those miracles.
• They realized that people were actually believing in Jesus, but they regarded their belief as a threat.
• Caiaphas affirmed their ignorance of the real issues.
• Caiaphas proposed the exchange of one person’s life to maintain their power. He missed the actual plan of God —exchanging Jesus’ life for the salvation of anyone who believes.

“What are we accomplishing?”NIV The question might have been the beginning of real soul-searching. In fact, we would do well to ask ourselves what we are accomplishing as we evaluate our efforts to obey God. Without Christ, our efforts in life are futile and frustrating. But the immediate meaning of the question was, Are we accomplishing what we have planned to do? The question implied only one answer. The dialogue that follows points clearly to the Jewish leaders’ single-minded opposition to Jesus. John captured the irony of their conversation as they used every true statement to lead to wrong conclusions.

11:48 “If we let him go on like this, everyone will believe in him, and the Romans will come and destroy both our holy place and our nation.”NRSV It was Rome’s custom to allow conquered people to carry on their religious practices as long as they did not lead to rebellion against Rome. Jesus’ miracles, however, often would cause a disturbance. If all the Jewish populace would hail Jesus as their Messiah-King, the leaders feared that the Romans would take away their limited privileges of self-rule, as well as take away what the leaders called “this holy place” (see Acts 6:13; 21:28), the center of their religious life. The Jewish leaders feared that they would lose their limited autonomy and political positions. Furthermore, they feared that Rome’s displeasure would bring additional hardship to their nation.

THE THREAT OF CHANGE

A prestigious leadership position can be dangerous, for it can lead to pride. Church leaders may rigidly insist on order or the status quo in order to hold onto their positions indefinitely. The opposition to Jesus was not so much personal as it was that he threatened the status quo and the positions of some of the leaders. Churches, social groups, and other organizations tend to respond to change in the same ways. It is the person doing things differently, making changes, and promoting progress, who is considered dangerous. Some leaders want to keep on doing as they have always done. Jesus’ experience with the Jewish religious leaders shows what we can expect if we push for change and what we should watch out for in ourselves.

11:49-50 Caiaphas, who was high priest that year.NRSV Caiaphas led the Sadducees, the elite, educated, and wealthy Jews, who stood on fairly good terms with Rome. Jesus was a special threat to their quiet and secure positions in leadership over Judea’s religious life. Caiaphas was proud and ruthless. His usual policy was to remove any threats to his power by whatever means necessary. For him, Jesus’ death was not an “if” but a “when, where, and how.”

Since Caiaphas served as a high priest for eighteen years (A.D. 18 to 36), the expression that year refers to that one year in which Jesus was crucified. The office of high priest was originally instituted by God to be a lifetime position (Numbers 35:25); but the Romans did not want any one person to become too powerful, so they appointed high priests and placed a new one in position whenever they wanted.

“You know nothing at all! You do not understand that it is better for you to have one man die for the people than to have the whole nation destroyed.”NRSV Caiaphas was convinced that nothing short of destroying Jesus would save Israel from being destroyed by Rome. The life of one person was considered cheap and expendable as an alternative to endangering the nation. Caiaphas had only a limited perspective. He was stuck in this world and concerned only with the preservation of a system that ensured his power. But God used his words to express an unwitting prophecy of universal proportions: One man did have to die in order that the world, not just a single nation or a fragile political structure, might be saved.

11:51-54 He did not say this on his own, but . . . he prophesied that Jesus was about to die for the nation, and not for the nation only, but to gather into one the dispersed children of God.NRSV Or, “for the scattered children of God” (NIV). These words of Caiaphas had great prophetic significance. Though his intent was sinful, God used him to indicate that Jesus would die for the people as a substitutionary sacrifice. And this is the irony of Caiaphas’s statement that John didn’t want his readers to miss: Jesus’ death, intended to spare the nation of Israel from physical destruction, was actually to spare Israel from spiritual destruction. Furthermore, Jesus’ death would bring about the gathering together (as opposed to scattering) of all God’s children —both Jews and Gentiles, whoever had come to believe in Jesus as the Messiah (see 1:12; 10:11, 16; 17:20-26).

The Jews rejected their only salvation in favor of peace with Rome, but just forty years later, in A.D. 70, they revolted against Rome. As a result, Jerusalem and the temple were destroyed, and the Jews were expelled from their homeland. This had already occurred when John wrote this Gospel.

Of course, the Jewish leaders missed the prophetic implications of Caiaphas’s statement, and from that day on they plotted to take his life.NIV But evil leaders, no matter how long they have power or how evil their actions, are always under God’s control. God permits them to exercise power for a time. Though it may not seem so to those who suffer, all that happens is according to God’s timing and under his control. God is always watching over his people.

Aware of the plot against his life, Jesus withdrew to a region near the desert, to a village called Ephraim.NIV Ephraim may have been the same place as Ophrah, near Bethel (see 2 Chronicles 13:19). Jesus and his disciples stayed there until the time of the Passover.

TOGETHER AS ONE

John’s reference to the scattered children of God included not only the Jews spread throughout the world but also all those who would believe. We too are among the scattered for whom Jesus died. This theme is expanded in 2 Corinthians 5:11-21 and Ephesians 2:14-22 and referred to as the doctrine of reconciliation.

Through his death Jesus provides the way all people can be reconciled to God and then to each other. Unity in Christ is not a sentimental feeling but a reality that we can experience even within the limitations of a sinful world. When our sins are pardoned we have the freedom to truly relate to each other in love.

11:55-57 When it was almost time for the Jewish Passover, many went up from the country to Jerusalem for their ceremonial cleansing before the Passover.NIV This Passover probably occurred in A.D. 30, the year of Jesus’ death. Everyone in Jerusalem during the Passover celebration knew that the chief priests and Pharisees wanted to arrest Jesus. Furthermore, they were under strict orders to report Jesus’ whereabouts. Into this tense scene Jesus would make his triumphal entry (12:12ff.).

PRIDE PROBLEMS

Even when confronted point-blank with the power of Jesus’ deity, some refused to believe. These eyewitnesses not only rejected Jesus, they plotted his murder. They were so hardened that they preferred to reject God’s Son rather than admit they were wrong. Beware of pride. If we allow it to grow, it can lead us into enormous sin.