Proverbs 31 - Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible

31:1

On the title of this, the sixth part of the book, see on Introduction.

prophecy — (See on Proverbs 30:1).

31:2

What, my son? — that is, What shall I say? Repetitions denote earnestness.

son of my womb — as our phrase, “my own son,” a term of special affection.

son of my vows — as one dedicated to God; so the word “Lemuel” may mean.

31:3-9

Succinct but solemn warnings against vices to which kings are peculiarly tempted, as carnal pleasures and oppressive and unrighteous government are used to sustain sensual indulgence.

strength — mental and bodily resources for health and comfort.

thy ways — or course of life.

to that kings — literally, “to the destroying of kings,” avoid destructive pleasures (compare Proverbs 5:9; Proverbs 7:22, Proverbs 7:27; Hosea 4:11).

31:4-5

Stimulants enfeeble reason, pervert the heart, and do not suit rulers, who need clear and steady minds, and well-governed affections (compare Proverbs 20:1; Proverbs 22:29).

pervert afflicted — They give unrighteous decisions against the poor.

31:6-7

The proper use of such drinks is to restore tone to feeble bodies and depressed minds (compare Psalm 104:15).

31:8-9 cause — Plead for those who cannot plead for themselves, as the orphan, stranger, etc. (compare Psalm 72:12; Isaiah 1:17).

appointed to destruction — who are otherwise ruined by their oppressors (compare Proverbs 29:14, Proverbs 29:16).

31:10-31

This exquisite picture of a truly lovely wife is conceived and drawn in accordance with the customs of Eastern nations, but its moral teachings suit all climes. In Hebrew the verses begin with the letters of the Hebrew alphabet in order (see on Introduction to Poetical Books).

Who woman — The question implies that such are rare, though not entirely wanting (compare Proverbs 18:22; Proverbs 19:14).

virtuous — literally, “of strength,” that is, moral courage (compare Proverbs 12:4; 3:11).

her price, etc. — (compare Proverbs 3:15).

31:11

heart trust in her — He relies on her prudence and skill.

no need of spoil — does not lack profit or gain, especially, that obtained by the risk of war.

31:12

do good — contribute good to him.

31:13-14

Ancient women of rank thus wrought with their hands; and such, indeed, were the customs of Western women a few centuries since. In the East also, the fabrics were articles of merchandise.

31:15

She diligently attends to expending as well as gathering wealth;

31:16

and hence has means to purchase property.

31:17-18

To energy she adds a watchfulness in bargains, and a protracted and painful industry. The last clause may figuratively denote that her prosperity (compare Proverbs 24:20) is not short lived.

31:19

No work, however mean, if honest, is disdained.

31:20

Industry enables her to be charitable.

31:21

scarlet — or, “purple,” by reason of the dyes used, the best fabrics; as a matter of taste also; the color suits cold.

31:22

coverings of tapestry — or, “coverlets,” that is, for beds.

silk — or, “linen” (compare Exodus 26:1; Exodus 27:9)

and purple — that is, the most costly goods.

31:23

in the gates — (compare Proverbs 22:22). His domestic comfort promotes his advancement in public dignity.

31:24

fine linen — or, “linen shirts,” or the material for them.

girdles — were often costly and highly valued (2 Samuel 18:11).

delivereth — or, “giveth as a present” or “to sell.”